Home preparations are common, yet the differences between decoction, infusion, and maceration are often misunderstood. Let’s explore the main distinctions among these extraction techniques:
Decoction
Decoctions are used for plant parts containing heat-stable compounds, such as roots, bark, and seeds, which can withstand and benefit from hot water extraction. To prepare a decoction, chopped ingredients are added to boiling water and simmered, covered, for a specific time depending on the herb—usually between 5 and 20 minutes. The mixture is then strained through a sieve or clean cloth, with small amounts of water added to compensate for evaporation. Decoctions should be consumed or used within 24 hours.
Infusion
Infusions are ideal for extracting beneficial compounds from softer parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, and stems, which release active ingredients through the combined action of heat and water. An infusion is made by pouring boiling water over the plant material and allowing it to steep for about 10 minutes. The liquid is then strained using a sieve or cloth. Infusions should be consumed warm, though they can be enjoyed cold within 24 hours. When using fresh herbs, the quantity should be doubled compared to dried herbs. Tea, for instance, is one of the most traditional examples of an infusion.
Maceration
Maceration involves soaking plant materials in a solvent (such as water, wine, vinegar, alcohol, or oil) at room temperature. Common macerates include drinks like limoncello and myrtle. The plant material is left to macerate for a period ranging from 1 to 30 days, depending on the herb, with the container shaken daily to aid extraction. Afterward, the liquid is filtered through a strainer or sterile gauze and stored in a dark, cool place in tightly sealed glass containers. Macerates made with water should be consumed within 24 hours, while those in oil, alcohol, or vinegar can last from 1 to 6 months.
What about Tisanes?
In herbal medicine, a tisane refers to any liquid preparation made by infusion, decoction, or maceration using water as a solvent to extract beneficial compounds from medicinal plants. Each ingredient in a tisane is selected for specific therapeutic effects, which can vary depending on the plant parts used and the method of preparation. While it’s common to mix multiple herbs in a tisane, it’s generally recommended to use no more than five different plants to avoid unwanted interactions.
We hope this clarifies the differences between infusions, decoctions, and macerations. Now, you’re equipped to choose the best method for your next preparation!
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